Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)
Section-by-section BSA MCQs updated for 2025-2026 judicial service exams with comparisons to the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Statutory Chapters & Parts
Select a chapter below to practice specific legal sections and landmark precedents
Introduction & General Principles
Lex Fori, Foundational Principles, Preamble & Applicability of the Law of Evidence
Chapter I: Preliminary (Sections 1–2)
Short Title, Extent, Commencement, Definitions of Court, Document, Evidence, Fact, Proof, etc.
Chapter II: Relevancy of Facts (Sections 3–50)
Relevancy of Facts, Res Gestae, Motive, Conduct, Conspiracy, Alibi, Admissions, Confessions, Dying Declarations, Expert Opinion, and Character Evidence
Chapter III: Facts Which Need Not Be Proved (Sections 51–53)
Judicial Notice, Judicially Noticeable Facts, and Formal Judicial Admissions
Chapter IV: Of Oral Evidence (Sections 54–55)
Proof of Facts by Oral Evidence, Rule of Direct Oral Evidence, and Hearsay Evidence Bar
Chapter V: Of Documentary Evidence (Sections 56–93)
Primary & Secondary Evidence, Electronic & Digital Records (Sec 61–63), Public & Private Documents, and Statutory Presumptions
Chapter VI: Of the Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence (Sections 94–103)
Best Evidence Rule, Exclusion of Parol Evidence, Provisos to Section 95, Patent & Latent Ambiguities
Chapter VII: Of the Burden of Proof (Sections 104–120)
Legal Burden vs Onus of Proof, Special Knowledge (Sec 109), Exceptions (Sec 108), Presumptions of Life/Death, Possession, Legitimacy (Sec 116), and Dowry Death
Chapter VIII: Estoppel (Sections 121–123)
Promissory & Equitable Estoppel, Tenant & Licensee Estoppel, Bill of Exchange Estoppel
Chapter IX: Of Witnesses (Sections 124–139)
Competency of Witnesses, Dumb Witness (Sec 125), Privileged Communications, Accomplice Evidence (Sec 138), Number of Witnesses
Chapter X: Of Examination of Witnesses (Sections 140–169)
Order of Examination, Examination-in-Chief, Cross-Examination, Re-Examination, Leading Questions, Hostile Witness, Refreshing Memory, Production of Documents
Chapter XI: Of Improper Admission and Rejection of Evidence (Section 170)
No New Trial for Improper Admission or Rejection of Evidence if Independent Evidence Sufficient
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