Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) MCQs with Answers
Practice 1,080+ chapter-wise Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023 MCQs with Indian Evidence Act correlation charts, Bare Act statutory citations, and verified solutions for State Judiciary, APO, and CLAT PG.
Chapter-wise BSA MCQs
Introduction & General Principles
- Lex Fori
- Foundational Principles
- Preamble & Applicability of the Law of Evidence
Chapter I: Preliminary (Sections 1–2)
- Short Title
- Extent
- Commencement
- Definitions of Court
- Document
- Evidence
- Fact
- Proof
- Etc.
Chapter II: Relevancy of Facts (Sections 3–50)
- Relevancy of Facts
- Res Gestae
- Motive
- Conduct
- Conspiracy
- Alibi
- Admissions
- Confessions
- Dying Declarations
- Expert Opinion
- Character Evidence
Chapter III: Facts Which Need Not Be Proved (Sections 51–53)
- Judicial Notice
- Judicially Noticeable Facts
- Formal Judicial Admissions
Chapter IV: Of Oral Evidence (Sections 54–55)
- Proof of Facts by Oral Evidence
- Rule of Direct Oral Evidence
- Hearsay Evidence Bar
Chapter V: Of Documentary Evidence (Sections 56–93)
- Primary & Secondary Evidence
- Electronic & Digital Records (Sec 61–63)
- Public & Private Documents
- Statutory Presumptions
Chapter VI: Of the Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence (Sections 94–103)
- Best Evidence Rule
- Exclusion of Parol Evidence
- Provisos to Section 95
- Patent & Latent Ambiguities
Chapter VII: Of the Burden of Proof (Sections 104–120)
- Legal Burden vs Onus of Proof
- Special Knowledge (Sec 109)
- Exceptions (Sec 108)
- Presumptions of Life/Death
- Possession
- Legitimacy (Sec 116)
- Dowry Death
Chapter VIII: Estoppel (Sections 121–123)
- Promissory & Equitable Estoppel
- Tenant & Licensee Estoppel
- Bill of Exchange Estoppel
Chapter IX: Of Witnesses (Sections 124–139)
- Competency of Witnesses
- Dumb Witness (Sec 125)
- Privileged Communications
- Accomplice Evidence (Sec 138)
- Number of Witnesses
Chapter X: Of Examination of Witnesses (Sections 140–169)
- Order of Examination
- Examination-in-Chief
- Cross-Examination
- Re-Examination
- Leading Questions
- Hostile Witness
- Refreshing Memory
- Production of Documents
Chapter XI: Of Improper Admission and Rejection of Evidence (Section 170)
- No New Trial for Improper Admission or Rejection of Evidence if Independent Evidence Sufficient
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) MCQs: Key Evidentiary Sections & Exam Syllabus
Statutory breakdown and objective preparation guide for state judicial services, APO, and competitive evidence law examinations.
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (Act No. 47 of 2023) came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the Indian Evidence Act of 1872. Across 170 sections organized into 12 chapters, the statute modernizes the rules of relevancy, admissibility, electronic proof, and burden of proof. This question bank delivers 1,089 objective questions with statutory cross-references and verified explanations.
Part I covers Relevancy of Facts across Sections 3 through 50. Section 4 preserves the doctrine of Res Gestae (facts forming part of the same transaction), while Section 6 deals with motive, preparation, and conduct. Admissions in civil proceedings are codified under Section 21, excluding statements made under express without-prejudice conditions.
Confession rules remain a focal point of evidence examination papers. Under Section 23, the statute consolidates the bars previously found in Sections 25, 26, and 27 of the 1872 Act. Section 23(1) prohibits proving confessions made to police officers, and Section 23(2) excludes confessions made in police custody unless made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate. The proviso to Section 23(2) preserves the doctrine of confirmation by subsequent facts, admitting information that distinctly leads to the discovery of a material fact (Pulukuri Kottaya principle).
Documentary evidence in Part II places electronic records on equal footing with primary physical evidence under Section 57. Secondary proof of electronic records is governed by Section 63 (formerly Section 65B). Section 63(2) sets out conditions for device operation, while Section 63(4) mandates a certificate signed by an authorized person in charge of the device, incorporating principles affirmed in Arjun Panditrao Khotkar.
The concluding chapters regulate burden of proof and witness examination. Sections 104 through 114 govern evidentiary burdens, including presumptions regarding abetment of suicide (Section 117) and dowry death (Section 118). Rules for examining witnesses span Sections 135 to 166, covering examination-in-chief, cross-examination, leading questions under Section 146, and refreshing memory under Section 162.
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